Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field

In recent years, bio-based polymers have emerged as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers in various industries. The bio-based materials are made from raw materials originating from natural sources, such as starch, cellulose, chitin, or bio-degradable synthetic polymers (i.e., polycaprolactone and polylactic acid). In spite of several desirable properties of biodegradable polymers, for example, fully renewable, non-toxic. Some properties like melt and impact strength, thermal stability, permeability, and so forth, still do not meet the demands for end-use applications. One way to improve the properties of biopolymers and greatly enhance their commercial potential is to incorporate nanosized reinforcement in the polymer. The access of nano-carriers to smart polymeric and bio-materials are limited by polymerization methods. Bio-polymers are considered an alternative to petroleum-based fibers. These are directly produced by organisms. Smart nanoparticles are used in different medicines and their applications are size-dependent. Among the different techniques used for sensitivity, selectivity, and interactions among the nanoparticles. More so, different approaches were found for polymerization. Methodologies such as the preparation of nano-gels, bio-degradable, and bio-polymers manufacturing in the pharmaceutical field are discussed in detail. Their applications, properties in gene delivery, smart imaging, and multivalency approach are also highlighted.