NAD + depletion and defense in bacteria.

Depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an important regulator of cellular energy metabolism, is a common strategy in immune-mediated cell death (ICD) in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent studies have revealed how bacteria use NAD depletion to protect against phages, providing insight into how eukaryotic ICD might have evolved.