On the combined impact of local, regional, and global climatic changes on the urban energy performance and indoor thermal comfort—The energy potential of adaptation measures

•The combined impact of local, regional, and global climatic changes on building thermal performance was evaluated.•The urban building energy model (UBEM) was utilized.•Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of adaptive measures.•The cooling penalties were up to 650% under the synergistic impact of urban overheating (UO) and heatwaves (HWs)..•The indoor temperature increased up to 5.8 °C under the synergistic impact of UO and HWs.•The passive survivability deteriorated up to 31% under the synergistic impact of UO and HWs.