Hierarchical Palladium Catalyst for Highly Active and Stable Water Oxidation in Acidic Media

Abstract Acidic water electrolysis is of great importance for boosting the development of renewable energy. However, it severely suffers from the trade-off between high activity and long lifespan for oxygen evolution catalysts on the anode side. This is because the sluggish kinetic of oxygen evolution reaction necessitates the application of a high overpotential to achieve considerable current, which inevitably drives the catalysts far away from their thermodynamic equilibrium states. Here we demonstrate a new oxygen evolution model catalyst-hierarchical palladium (Pd) whose performance even surpass the benchmark Ir- and Ru-based materials. The Pd catalyst displays an ultralow overpotential (196 mV), excellent durability and mitigated degradation (66 μV h−1) at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M HClO4. Tensile strain on Pd (111) facets weakens the binding of oxygen species on electrochemical etching derived hierarchical Pd and thereby leads to two orders of magnitudes enhancement of mass activity in comparisons to the parent Pd bulk materials. Furthermore, the Pd catalyst displays the bifunctional catalytic properties for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution and can deliver a current density of 2 A cm–2 at a low cell voltage of 1.771 V when fabricated into polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer.