Vertebroplasty with high‐viscosity cement versus conventional kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta‐analysis

Background To evaluate outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity cement (PVP-HVC) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) with normal-viscosity cement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Methods Pertinent studies were retrieved by searching five electronic databases up to July 2021. Additional records were identified via hand-searching of related references. Risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was done for cement leakage. Results Twelve studies, embracing 1050 patients with OVCFs, were included. PVP-HVC was superior to PKP with normal-viscosity cement regarding risk of cement leakage (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, I-2: 45.1%) and operation time (WMD: -11.26, 95% CI: -14.78 to -8.34, I-2: 88.8%). However, TSA revealed that a sufficient level of evidence for leakage reduction may have yet to be reached. PKP groups had a significant decrease in Cobb's angles postoperatively (within 1 month, WMD: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.85-3.48, I-2: 0%; after 1 year, WMD: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.35-4.01, I-2: 0%). There are no significant differences between the two procedures pertaining to injected cement volume, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and risk of adjacent vertebral fractures. Conclusion PVP-HVC and PKP with normal-viscosity cement are safe and effective treatments for the management of OVCF, but the former is superior to the latter in terms of procedure time. The potential of PVP-HVC in reducing cement leaks remains to be validated by more well-designed studies.