Risk estimates of anxiety and depressive disorders among primary care patients with chronic medical illness – A Indian study

Risk estimates of depression and anxiety disorders in primary care patients was studied in 7017 patients from 71 primary health centres in Kerala, India. When compared to those without, patients with a single chronic medical illness had approximately 3–4-fold higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders; this increases to 6-fold when the number of medical illnesses is two or more. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, tuberculosis, asthma, and arthritis had higher odds of depression after controlling for socio-demographic variables and co-occurring medical illnesses. The findings were replicated for anxiety disorders except for tuberculosis. Findings highlight the need for integrated interventions.