Low-cost fabrication of PPIX liquid phantoms for use in fluorescence measurements

This article presents a liquid phantom technology that simulates the fluorescent properties of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). A technology was developed for the isolation of PPIX from dark egg shells with a final concentration close to the real values in human tissues. A comparative analysis of the transmittance coefficient of the manufactured phantom as well as the fluorescence spectra measured through the combined use of a CCD spectrometer and a hyperspectral camera is presented as results.