Modeling of polymerization in projection-based two-photon 3D printing

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a prevalent 3D nanofabrication tool due to its superior resolution. However, the serial nature of the printing process often limits it applicability. Projection-based TPP in combination with spatiotemporal focusing using a digital micromirror device can be utilized to increase the scalability of the printing process while limiting the loss of resolution. A model is developed to simulate photopolymerization in the spatiotemporal focusing projection-based process. This model is used to better understand the 3D spatial and temporal interactions during the printing process and their effect on printing accuracy.