Dynamic Remodeling of Human Arteriovenous Fistula Wall Obtained From Magnetic Resonance Imaging During the First 6 Months After Creation

The non-maturation rate of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is high.1 The direct connection of the AVF vein and artery creates a short path that bypasses the distal high-resistance vasculature, resulting in an immediate increase in the flow rate and venous pressure. With the endothelium-dependent flow dilation and increased distention by elevated intraluminal pressure for the vein, the AVF lumen diameter increases immediately, resulting in a thinner wall and increased hoop stress within the wall immediately after AVF creation.