Biomedical Research Using Nonhuman Animals

This chapter considers the ethical significance of the translational value of biomedical research using live nonhuman animals. By “translational value” is meant how well or poorly animal research results in specific improvements in human medicine. While other animal as well as environmental benefits may also result from biomedical research using animals, the primary objective of most such research continues to be human health benefit. The translational value of animal research is first considered in light of a historical and regulatory perspective on the nexus of human and nonhuman animal experimentation. Next, common competing perceptions about the value of animal research for human health are addressed. Finally, consideration of intellectual virtue and barriers to its achievement are introduced as crucial and little recognized factors in these debates.