Results on mass composition of cosmic rays as measured with LOFAR

37TH INTERNATIONAL COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE, ICRC2021(2022)

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摘要
We present an updated analysis of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 10(16.8) to 10(18.3) eV. It is based on measurements with the LOFAR telescope of the depth of shower maximum, X-max. We review the improvements to the simulation-based reconstruction setup, as well as the selection method to obtain a minimally biased X-max dataset. Results include estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the X-max distribution. A statistical analysis at distribution level has been done as well, using a four-component model of light to heavy nuclei. It confirms our previous results showing a significant low-mass fraction in this energy range. The radio technique has advanced enough that multiple observatories are publishing results on X-max. As the array layouts and methods vary, it is interesting to compare the approaches, in light of the observed differences in the X-max results. We therefore show additional information on bias tests used in the X-max reconstruction and sample selection process.
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