Rhizobium Radiobacter Sepsis in a Neonate: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Rhizobium radiobacter, a gram-negative organism, rarely infects newborn infants, and the literature on the outcome of infants and treatment options is sparse. Case Presentation: We present a healthy preterm neonate infected with R. radiobacter and treated successfully. As the literature is limited in neonates, we performed the literature review of studies that reported R. radiobacter infection in the neonatal population. The systematic search on April 15, 2020, across PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline identified 5 case reports to date. The neonates in those reports were otherwise healthy without underlying risk factors, had infection limited to the bloodstream, treated successfully with cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides without any sequelae. Conclusion: R. radiobacter sepsis infection in newborn infants can occur without underlying risk factors and can be treated with common antibiotics, and the outcome of the infected neonates is favorable.