Bone tissue microcirculation’s role in its life and repair regeneration. Modern methods of non-invasive research

Blood supply of bone tissue is one of the key factors in vital functions and reparative regeneration. The bloodstream supply nutrients and oxygen, remove toxic substances. Reparative regeneration is not impossible without the participation of the microvasculature of the bone tissue, mainly of the periosteum and feeding arterioles. Thus, the study of the microcirculation of bone tissue makes it possible to evaluate the physiological state of the bone tissue in normal and pathological conditions, as well as the dynamics of the consolidation of the bone fragments in fractures. Considering the morphological features of the bone tissue and its blood supply, there are certain obstacles in the study of microcirculation in real time and without surgery intervention. However, there are exist methods using near-infrared optical systems wich allow to realize a non-invasive examination of patients. This review discusses in detail the most well-known optical methods and also effective method of ultrasound dopplerography.