Impact Pathways

AbstractThe complex pathways from innovation to impact mean that unintended spillover effects on non-target objectives are always likely. This generates a third reason—in addition to accelerators and complementarity in pursuit of target objectives—why socio-technical bundles are important. Herrero et al. (2020, 2021) demonstrated that food systems innovations can have mostly neutral or positive effects on the food systems SDGs (left-hand panel of Fig. 1).