Influencing factors of obesity in community patients with deficit schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

Background Obesity is very common in patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to evaluate the influencing factors of obesity in community patients with deficit schizophrenia, to provide implication for schizophrenia management in community. Methods We selected patients with deficit schizophrenia who lived in 10 communities in our city from March 1 to June 30, 2021. The characteristics of included schizophrenia patients were evaluated and analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the obesity and related characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of obesity in patients with schizophrenia. Results A total of 284 patients with schizophrenia were included, the incidence of obesity in patients with schizophrenia was 56.70%. gender ( r = 0.619), waist circumference ( r = 0.644), BMI ( r = 0.891), diabetes ( r = 0.698), FG ( r = 0.582), triglyceride ( r = 0.618), HDL-C ( r = −0.644), LDL-C ( r = 0.583), apolipoprotein B ( r = 0.595), and PANSS score ( r = 0.813) were all correlated with the obesity in patients with schizophrenia (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female (OR 2.129, 95% CI 1.615–3.022), waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (OR 3.814, 95% CI 2.778 ~ 4.312), diabetes (OR 2.856, 95% CI 1.905 ~ 3.448), FG ≥ 88 mg/dL (OR 1.551, 95% CI 1.284 ~ 2.183), triglyceride ≥ 160 mg/dL (OR 1.804, 95% CI 1.236–2.845), HDL-C ≤ 0.8 mmol/L (OR 2.032, 95% CI 1.614–3.079), LDL-C ≥ 2.0 mmol/L (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.442–2.041) and apolipoprotein B ≥ 0.70 g/L (OR 2.119, 95% CI 1.658–2.873) were the risk factors of obesity in patients with schizophrenia (all p < 0.05). Conclusions The obesity rate of patients with deficit schizophrenia in the community is high, and there are many associated risk factors. Early intervention targeted on those risk factors are warranted to reduce the obesity in schizophrenia patients.