EMPRESS. V. Metallicity Diagnostics of Galaxies over 12+log(O/H)similar or equal to 6.9-8.9 Established by a Local Galaxy Census: Preparing for JWST Spectroscopy

We present optical-line gas metallicity diagnostics established by the combination of local SDSS galaxies and the largest compilation of extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) including new EMPGs identified by the Subaru EMPRESS survey. A total of 103 EMPGs are included, covering a large parameter space of magnitude (M-i = -19 to -7) and H beta equivalent width (10-600 angstrom), i.e., wide ranges of stellar mass and star formation rate. Using reliable metallicity measurements from the direct method for these galaxies, we derive the relationships between strong optical-line ratios and gas-phase metallicity over the range of 12 + log (O/H) similar or equal to 6.9-8.9, corresponding to 0.02-2 solar metallicity Z(circle dot). We confirm that the R23 index, ([O III]+[O II])/H beta, is the most accurate metallicity indicator with a metallicity uncertainty of 0.14 dex over the range among various popular metallicity indicators. The other metallicity indicators show large scatters in the metal-poor range (less than or similar to 0.1 Z(circle dot)). It is explained by our CLOUDY photoionization modeling that, unlike the R23 index, the other metallicity indicators do not use a sum of singly and doubly ionized lines and cannot trace both low- and high-ionization gas. We find that the accuracy of the metallicity indicators is significantly improved if one uses H beta equivalent width measurements that tightly correlate with ionization states. In this work, we also present the relation of physical properties with the UV-continuum slope beta and ionization production rate xi(ion) derived with GALEX data for the EMPGs and provide local anchors of galaxy properties together with the optical-line metallicity indicators that are available in the form of a machine-readable table and useful for forthcoming JWST spectroscopic studies.