REM Sleep Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: Is the Basal Ganglia Engaged?

To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia during REM sleep movements in Parkinson's disease (PD) we recorded pallidal neural activity from four PD patients. Unlike desynchronization commonly observed during wakeful movements, beta oscillations (13-35 Hz) synchronized during REM sleep movements; furthermore, high-frequency oscillations (150-350 Hz) synchronized during movement irrespective of sleep-wake states. Our results demonstrate differential engagement of the basal ganglia during REM sleep and awake movements. ### Competing Interest Statement Noam Harel - Consultant and a shareholder for Surgical Information Sciences Inc. Remi Patriat - Consultant for Surgical Information Sciences Inc. Michael Park - Listed faculty for University of Minnesota Educational Partnership with Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, Consultant for: Zimmer Biomet, Synerfues, Inc., NeuroOne, Boston Scientific. Grant/Research support from: Medtronic, Inc., Boston Scientific, Abbott, SynerFuse, Inc., and Fasikl, Inc. Jerrold Vitek - Dr. Vitek serves as a consultant for Medtronic, Boston Scientific and Abbott. He also serves on the Executive Advisory Board for Abbott and is a member of the scientific advisory board for Surgical Information Sciences. He has research support through the National Institutes of Health. Joshua Aman - Consultant for Surgical Information Sciences Inc. All other authors have no competing interest to disclose.