Genome-wide identification and characterization of major latex-like protein genes responsible for crop contamination in Cucurbita pepo

Background Zucchini plants ( Cucurbita pepo ) accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at high concentrations in their aerial parts, and major latex-like proteins (MLPs) play crucial roles in their accumulation. MLPs bind to POPs in root cells, MLP-POP complexes are then translocated into xylem vessels, and POPs are transported to the aerial parts. We previously identified three CpMLP genes ( MLP-PG1 , MLP-GR1 , and MLP-GR3 ) as transporting factors for POPs; however, other studies have shown that the genomes of several plant species contain more than 10 MLP genes, thus, further MLP genes responsible for POP accumulation may have been overlooked. Methods and results Here, we investigated the number of CpMLP genes by performing a hidden Markov model search against the C. pepo genome database and characterized their effects on POP accumulation by performing the expression analysis in the organs and in silico structural analysis. The C. pepo genome contained 21 CpMLP genes, and several CpMLP genes, including MLP-PG1 and MLP-GR3 , were highly expressed in roots. 3D structural prediction showed that all examined CpMLPs contained a cavity with a hydrophobic region, which facilitated binding to POPs. Conclusions The present study provides insights regarding CpMLP genes responsible for POP accumulation.