Open-source hybrid 3D-bioprinter for simultaneous printing of thermoplastics and hydrogels

3D-bioprinting is a promising technology applicable in areas such as regenerative medicine or in vitro organ model development. Various 3D-bioprinting technologies and systems have been developed and are partly commercially available. Here, we present the construction and characterization of an open-source low-cost 3D-bioprinter that allows the alternated microextrusion of hydrogel and fused deposition modeling (FDM) of thermoplastic filaments.