The microbiological spectrum, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and visual outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis in West Virginia 2009–2019

Purpose To report the microbiological spectrum, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and visual outcomes in patients with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). Methods This was a retrospective study of 50 patients with culture-positive EE managed in a tertiary referral center between October 2009 and 2019. Clinical, microbiology analysis, and antimicrobial resistance were reviewed. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used for identifying risk factors associated with worse visual outcomes. Results Fifty organisms were identified, 62% bacterial and 38% fungal. The most common bacterial organism was Staphylococcus aureus (75% methicillin resistant), and Candida was the most common fungal species. Multidrug resistance was observed in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates against clindamycin, daptomycin, and fluoroquinolones. The distributions of the final visual acuity (VA) between the bacterial and fungal groups were significantly different, and the visual outcomes in the bacterial group tended to be worse ( p = 0.01). The distributions of enucleation status were significantly higher in bacterial EE (35%) than fungal EE (5.3%) ( p = 0.02). Results from the multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that older age was significantly associated with worse visual outcome (coef = 0.03; p = 0.02), while fungal infections were associated with better outcomes (coef = − 0.87; p = 0.01). Intravenous drug use (coef = 0.87; p = 0.054) was a marginally significant factor associated with worse visual outcomes. Conclusion There was a higher prevalence of bacterial organisms than fungal species among EE. Bacterial EE was associated with worse visual outcomes and higher enucleation rates than fungal EE. Multidrug resistance was prevalent among MRSA isolates. Older age and intravenous drug use may be factors associated with poor prognosis.