Evolutionary Game Based Demand Response Bidding Strategy for End-Users Using Q-Learning and Compound Differential Evolution

Load aggregators (LAs) play a key role in fully tapping the demand response (DR) resources of small and medium-sized end-users to enable a more flexible power grid. In the ancillary service market, the LA can provide DR to the system by aggregating the resources of its users. In response to the issued DR program, end-users offer to provide DR resources. To help optimize the user bidding strategy, ...