Development of an infrared seed-sensing system to estimate flow rates based on physical properties of seeds

•An infrared seed sensor for detection the seed flow.•IR LEDs and photo-diodes were set directly on opposite sides.•A mass flow model based on receiving voltages from the seed sensor, thousand seed weight and equivalent diameter of seeds.•A mass flow model was developed for various size seeds.•Easy calibration method for seed drills and assessment of its performance.