Asymmetric field dependence of the specific heat of the three-state Potts model on a square lattice

Even in zero magnetic field, the exact solution of the three-state Potts model on a square lattice has never been obtained. Also, the properties of the three-state Potts model on a square lattice are little known for nonzero magnetic field. Unlike the Ising model which follows the Lee–Yang circle theorem and is symmetric under an external magnetic field, the three-state Potts model violates the circle theorem, and its properties in an external magnetic field are asymmetric for positive and negative external magnetic fields. The Wang–Landau sampling method is applied to estimate the unknown density of states g(ε ,μ ) as a function of the microscopic energy ε and the microscopic magnetization μ for the three-state Potts model on a square lattice in an external magnetic field. Based on the estimated density of states, the properties of the asymmetric field dependence of the specific heat for the three-state Potts model on a square lattice are studied in an external magnetic field.