Hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking sheet with thermal radiation and mass transpiration

In this article, an exact analytical solution of a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow over a stretching/ shrinking sheet in the presence of mass transpiration (suction/injection) and radiation is investigated. The governing PDEs are first transformed into ODEs with the help of similarity variables. Further, an exact analytical solution of this problem, including a general formulation of the stretching/shrinking sheet problems, is established. HNFs have a significant feature in increasing the heat transfer process and promoting the production in industrial applications. The analysis demonstrated that the upper branch of the analytical solution procedure is stable, although un-stable for the lower branch. Momentum and impact of thermal radiation and heat generation on the flow of an incompressible HNF over a stretching/shrinking sheet with mass transfer in fluid flow have been considered. Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles are immersed in H2O to form an Al2O3 - Cu/H2O HNF. The thermal radiation is also considered in this analysis. Additionally, the rate of heat transfer of the HNF is lower than that of the base fluid (water). We also observe the interesting phenomena of exponentially and algebraically decaying solutions. After neglecting the viscous dissipation term, the heat equation is solved analytically and the effect of various parameters are discussed with the help of graphs. The present problem contains numerous applications in industrial processes namely paper production, metal spinning, extrusion of polymer etc.