Ultra-thin foldable transparent electrodes composed of stacked silver nanowires embedded in polydimethylsiloxane

We have prepared an ultra-thin flexible transparent conductive electrode with high folding endurance composed of randomly arranged silver nanowires (AgNWs) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A simple preparation method was performed to connect a glass substrate coated with a AgNW network and a glass substrate coated with PDMS. The glass substrate was then removed after the PDMS solidified, and the AgNW-PDMS composite film was peeled off. Moreover, the problem of the high contact resistance caused by the random arrangement of AgNWs was solved by the local joule heat generated by applying voltage to both sides of the AgNW-PDMS composite structure to weld the overlapping AgNWs. The sheet resistance (R (s)) of AgNW-PDMS composite films with different AgNW deposition concentrations decreased by 46.4%-75.8% through this electro-sintering treatment. The embedded structure of the AgNW-PDMS composite ensures better voltage resistance and environmental stability under high temperature and humidity conditions compared with a AgNW network attached to a glass substrate. Additionally, the substrate-free, excellent elasticity and high resilience characteristics resulted in the R (s) value of the same composite electrode only increasing by 2.9 ohm sq(-1) after folding four times. The advantage of the metal thermal conductivity makes the joule heat generated by electric injection rapidly diffuse and dissipate in the AgNW-based transparent heater with faster response time and smaller voltage drive than indium tin oxide.