A novel pipeline leak detection and localization method based on the FBG pipe-fixture sensor array and compressed sensing theory

•A novel pipeline leak localization method is presented without solutions of the arrival time difference of NPW knee point.•The localization accuracy of the presented method can be improved without increasing number of sensors.•A novel FBG pipe-fixture sensor is developed to measure pressure variations in NPW signals.•A coefficient bCS is proposed to determine the optimal localization accuracy.•The presented method has excellent localization stability.