Primary Renal Neuroblastoma Mimicking Wilms Tumor

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children younger than 5 years of age. It is an aggressive malignancy with evidence of secondary metastasis at the time of the initial presentation. NB is rightly known as a great masquerader. Herein, we describe three children who presented with renal masses mimicked as Wilms tumor initially and later diagnosed as NB on biopsy. The response to therapy was not satisfactory in all three children. A higher level of awareness and early recognition is important for diagnosing and managing NB. We should rule out NB when there is a diagnostic dilemma before nephrectomy in these patients. Intrarenal NB should be considered with the combination of renal mass and hypertension with elevated catecholamines. The distinction between these two tumors is important since both malignancies have different therapeutic and prognostic implications.