Controlled breeding in dairy cows. Part 2: selection and ethical implications

Background: Controlled breeding programmes describe timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol choice and a strategy for their implementation, encompassing when they will be used and which cattle will be enrolled. A holistic approach to the reproductive management of every dairy herd, tailored to meet the requirements and expectations of the individual client, is essential if success of a controlled breeding programme is to be maximised. Aim of the article: This article, the second of a two-part series, describes strategies for implementation of controlled breeding programmes on dairy farms. It considers factors aside from the TAI protocol that are essential for the success of any programme, as well as the ethical implications of hormone use in dairy cattle. The first part, published in last month's issue of In Practice, discussed common TAI protocols, how they manipulate ovarian activity and how to optimise protocol selection.