Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Receptor 2 in Inflammation-Related Diseases

The aim of the present review is to provide basic knowledge about the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 in neuro-inflammation diseases. We performed an open-ended, English restricted search of PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for available literature from 24Feb. 2018-12 May 2021, using terms related to neuroinflammation, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor II (TNFR-II), TNF-alpha and related diseases, TNFR-II and inflammation-related diseases, their relationships, and polymorphism. The main outcomes assessed were the presence of plaques and tangles, behaviour and cognition, reduction in brain tissue mass, and synaptic function the majority of studies were documented a beneficial effect in other areas, including the presence of plaques and tangles and synaptic function. The human studies were showed that TNF-alpha l was beneficial to Alzheimer's disease patients, with one being a small pilot study and the latter being an observational study, with a high risk of bias. It is concluded that the functions and mechanisms of TNF-alpha and TNFR-II in inflammation-related diseases will provide new viewpoints and theories in the development and treatment of these diseases. They play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases induced by or related to inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways.