Digital Twin connectivity topologies

Digital Twin (DT) is one of the key concepts in the industry 4.0. Through the Internet of Things (IoT), it brings the ability of having a virtual representation of a real-world element which enables many possibilities such as saving and tracking its life-cycle, perform simulations, learning based on all this data and so on. However, it is still an ongoing concept that is continuously being evolved. Therefore, a well defined topology of how a DT can be build is still needed. In this context, this paper specifies six ways of how a DT can be build in different kind of applications. Examples of models for each proposed topology are given in AutomationML for better understanding of the proposal. Copyright (C) 2021 The Authors.