Comparison of anti-inflammatory activities of biogenic gymnema sylvestre- and panicum sumatrense-mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Background: Studying the anti-inflammatory effect of the wound-healing property in immune responsive compounds such as interleukins and cytokinins plays a vital role in targeting various inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, and periodontitis. The goal of the present work is to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)- and Panicum sumatrense (PS)-mediated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) by in vitro studies. Methods: G. sylvestre- and P. sumatrense-mediated TiO2 NPs were synthesized by Greener method. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were spectroscopically characterized such as Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2 NPs were carried out by albumin denaturation assay. Results: The size of G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 (GS-TiO2) NPs was found to be 16-22 nm and that of P. sumatrense (PS-TiO2)-mediated NPs was in the range of 26-32 nm. Rectangle, hexagonal, and square types of NPs were recorded in the SEM analysis of both the GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2. When comparing the X-ray powder diffraction and EDAX results of GS-TiO2 and PS-TiO2, G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 showed less impurity and along with that, it revealed pure titanium in 50.50% and oxygen in 35.54%. Similarly, G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited 91.52% of inhibitory effect on protein denature (in vitro anti-inflammatory activity), whereas P. sumatrense (PS-TiO2)-mediated NPs showed only 84.80%. Conclusion: The overall study concludes that G. sylvestre-mediated TiO2 nanoparticle can have a scope in alternative treatment/remedy for inflammation diseases.