Experimental Analysis of IoT Networks Based on LoRa/LoRaWAN under Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Performance and Limitations

Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) has multiple applications in different fields. This concept allows physical devices to connect to the internet in order to establish a strong infrastructure that facilitates many device control and monitoring tasks. Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) communication protocols become widely used for IoT networks because of their low power consumption and the broad range communication. LPWA enables devices to transmit small amounts of data in a long distance. Among LPWA protocols, LoRa technology gained a lot of interest recently from the research community and many companies. LoRa is a long range and low power wireless communication technology regulated by the LoRaWAN standard. It can be o good candidate to deploy node network where long distance and extended battery life is required. A LoRaWAN architecture is deployed in a star-of-stars topology and based on a systematic evaluation of a long-term operation of the network monitoring. This works describes experimental results of testing LoRa in indoor and outdoor environments to understand how it works, evaluate its performance, and limitations. As expected, results show that LoRa performs better outdoor. It is also interesting to note that elevating the gateway in order to have a free line of sight with the IoT node, or close to it, increases the signal quality received by the end-node devices, and consequently, longer distances can be achieved.