Understanding Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Technologies and the Effect of Local Experiences

For the planning of the energy transition, decision-makers need to be aware of the public attitudes towards renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the impacts of such energy facilities from a population's perspective. To facilitate the comparison of RET attitudes, a uniform survey design was used for four case studies (onshore wind, offshore wind, waste-to-energy, and biomass power) situated in the region of Flanders, Belgium. The survey analysis showed differences between the energy facilities with regard to the perceived impact on population health (combustion facilities were perceived more negatively) and landscape impact (wind energy facilities were perceived more negatively). All groups recognized the contribution of the RET facility to the economic development of the region. The effect of such local experiences on the overall evaluation of energy technologies was investigated using ordinal regression models. Personal experiences were found to be more meaningful predictors than socio-economic population characteristics or the proximity to the energy facility. In all investigated energy neighborhoods, the personal relationship of the participants to the landscape was a significant predictor of technology attitude. This points to the importance of investigating place attachment rather than pure visibility to understand the acceptability of land use for energy provision.