Dual Pathogenesis of Primary and Recurrent Pterygium: Immunohistochemical Proof

Introduction: Pterygium is a common ophthalmic problem in the Middle East where exposures to dust and sun rays are risk factors. The condition is mo prevalent in middle-aged males and can be considered as an aging process. The aim of this study is to test both the degenerative and the proliferative components of Pterygium by both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase one activity. Methods: The study applied immunohistochemistry staining for both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase 1. Results: The samples expressed positive glutathione staining in most primary Pterygium conditions and all secondary Pterygium. On the other hand, the topoisomerase 1 immunohistochemistry expressed focal activity in secondary conditions suggesting a progenitor cell role in the pathogenesis of Pterygium in conjunction with oxidative stress. Conclusion: Pterygium represents dual pathology with a proliferative component and a degenerative one that needs further studies. It is possible to combination immunohistochemistry markers to predict the prognosis of Pterygium behavior.