Paying it forward: an experimental study on social connections and indirect reciprocity

This paper studies how in-group social connections affect outsiders’ pro-social behavior towards group members. We employ an indirect investment game, in which a recipient of a good deed has to return to a beneficiary, instead of the original donor. We introduce the naturally-occurring social connections between the donor and the beneficiary, and show that such connections increase the recipients’ transfer to a beneficiary by 42% when the donor’s transfer is above average. The spillover does not function through the signaling of the donor’s expectations, and altruism with an endogenous reference group explains our results well.