Resilience-oriented schedule of microgrids with hybrid energy storage system using model predictive control

Microgrids can be regarded as a promising solution by which to increase the resilience of power systems in an energy paradigm based on renewable generation. Their main advantage is their ability to work as islanded systems under power grid outage conditions. Microgrids are usually integrated into electrical markets whose schedules are carried out according to economic aspects, while resilience criteria are ignored. This paper shows the development of a resilience-oriented optimization for microgrids with hybrid Energy Storage System (ESS), which is validated via numerical simulations. A hybrid ESS composed of hydrogen and batteries is, therefore, considered with the objective of improving the autonomy of the microgrid while achieving a rapid transition response. The control problem is formulated using Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) techniques in order to take into account possible transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes at all the sample instants of the schedule horizon (SH). The control problem is developed by considering a healthy operation of the hybrid ESS, thus avoiding degradation issues. The plant is modeled using the Mixed Logic Dynamic (MLD) framework, owing to the presence of logic and dynamic control variables.