PEASANT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MAIZE FERTILIZATION IN MAZAHUA (JNATJO) COMMUNITIES OF MEXICO

Fertilization is a defining factor in maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, indigenous knowledge about this process is scarcely documented for its revaluation. The objective was to analyze the factors involved in peasant fertilization of maize. Structured interviews, participative observation, and a questionnaire were carried out with 103 farmers from three Mazahua communities: San Juan Coajomulco, Fresno Nichi and San Pedro el Alto, in Estado de Mexico, during the year 2015. A multivariable analysis was conducted. The index of fidelity, sources, doses, and costs of fertilization were calculated. The grain yield estimated was compared to the regional reference. The fidelity index showed that plant height, female flowering, and leaf color determine the moment of fertilization. The multivariable analyses showed that the similarity between farmer fertilization is also due to the community of origin, occupation, cultivated surface, and amount of phosphorus applied. Farmers combine mineral fertilizers with manure; the average annual cost was $4043 MX per hectare. The grain yield in two of the communities was higher than the one reported locally. Farmers practice dialogue of knowledges when incorporating technology without leaving behind their traditional knowledge.