Cryogenic heat capacity measurements and thermodynamic analysis of lithium aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with intercalated chloride

Lithium aluminum chloride layered double hydroxide ([Li-Al-Cl] LDH) sorbents selectively recover lithium from geothermal brines, paving the way for increased domestic production of lithium for rechargeable batteries. In this work, cryogenic heat capacity measurements (C-p) were performed from 1.8 to 300 K on several undoped and Fe-doped [Li-Al-Cl] LDH samples with a generalized compositions Li1-xAl2(OH)(6)Cl1-x (undoped) and LixFeyAl2-y,(OH)(6)Cl-x (Fe-doped). Thermodynamic functions were generated from these measurements, and values of S-298.15 degrees are reported based on both the C-p measurements and configurational entropy (S-config degrees) arising from positional disorder in the layered structure. These results are combined with previous enthalpy of formation (Delta H-f degrees) measurements to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation (Delta G(f)degrees) for the samples. In these samples, a higher water content results in a less negative Delta G(f)degrees when doped and undoped samples are considered separately. Limited iron substitution for aluminum results in the most negative Delta G(f)degrees, but a larger dopant amount destabilizes the LDH structure. One of the samples had an anomaly in the heat capacity from 210 to 300 K, which is likely related to the movement of water in the structure due to the large H2O/Cl- ratio and the presence of vacancies in the interlayer where H2O resides. This indicates that the interactions between these species in the interlayer play an important role in stabilizing the LDH structure, and this effect should be further studied using different water/anion ratios.