Next-generation machine vision systems incorporating two-dimensional materials: Progress and perspectives

Machine vision systems (MVSs) are an important component of intelligent systems, such as autonomous vehicles and robots. However, with the continuous increase in data and new application scenarios, new requirements are put forward for the next generation of MVS. There is an urgent need to find new material systems to complement the existing semiconductor technology based on thin-film materials, and new architectures must be explored to improve efficiency. Because of their unique physical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention for use in MVSs, especially in biomimetic ones: the human visual system, which can process complex visual information with low power consumption, provides a model for next-generation MVSs. This review paper summarizes the progress and challenges of applying 2D material photodetectors in sense-memory-computational integration and biomimetic image sensors for machine vision.