Experimental ELF/VLF wave communication with excitation by ionosphere modulated heating

In this study, we present experimental results from the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association for communication using extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) electromagnetic (EM) waves excited via amplitude-modulated auroral electrojet. EM wave signals with modulation frequencies of 2,017 and 3,517 Hz were encoded by quaternary phase shift keying, and three transmission r...