PSO-based optimal beamforming in MmWave-NOMA systems with sparse antenna array

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising transmission scheme to provide the required quality of service in the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. NOMA improves spectral efficiency and throughput compared with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) in modern high diversity communication networks. Random beamforming deployment facilitates low latency transmission besides the reliable communication in the systems with massive connectivity. In this paper, we introduce a mmWave-NOMA system utilizing a sparse antenna array that substantially improves the system energy efficiency and offer low-weight, cost-effective and small-size antenna apparatus. We also introduce an optimum low complexity PSO-based algorithm to further improve the outage probability. The simulation and analysis results demonstrate 50% reduction in the outage probability in average by performing the PSO-based optimization algorithms. A comparison between the performance of PSO-based algorithm and some metaheuristic algorithms is performed. Due to the time and outage probability performances, our presented PSO-based algorithm gives better results.