Elucidation of retro- and orthonasal aroma differences in biscuits (panis biscoctus) using artificial masticator

The present study aimed to define the interest in using a mastication simulator to understand the release of aroma compounds of biscuits in the mouth. The development of aroma compounds during artificial, human mastication and without masticated samples of veritable biscuits was determined. Then, the evaluations of aroma compounds in different types of biscuits were studied. A total of 32 compounds were identified in the veritable sample while 36 were identified in both sugar-free and organic samples. The aldehydes and pyrazines were the main chemical groups in the samples. The number of aroma compounds in the biscuit samples revealed essential changes during mastication and increased about 2.5 times. Additionally, the presence of artificial and human saliva showed a similar effect. They increased the number of volatiles while influencing some volatile groups either by increasing the quantity of ketones or decreasing acids, alcohols, and aldehydes. Novelty impact statement The aroma of biscuits overwhelmingly effects consumer behavior. Hence, the improvements ingredients and manipulation in biscuits have become increasingly important. The artificial mouth would be particularly useful to study whether there is a difference between orthonasal and retronasal perception of dry and starch-rich foods.