A rapid detection method for the battery state of health

•Charge transfer factor and lithium-ion diffusion factor are introduced to represent the battery SOH in active material and lithium ion inventory inside the battery respectively.•Relationship between the two factors and battery impedance is established and independent of SOC.•Two factors are obtained merely by measuring charging current at a particular single frequency point within seconds.•High charge current which is constituted by fixed amplitude DC current and variant AC current is employed to provide a unified comparison base and shorten measurement time.•The rapid detector is rapid and easily implemented on a micro-control unit with HRPWM technology.