Distribution network energy loss reduction under EV charging schedule

This article deals with the problem of energy losses in distribution networks (DNs) under electric vehicle (EV) penetration. The problem of charging overlaps causing severe power losses and voltage drops is faced under appropriate EV charging. An optimized EV charging schedule is proposed under EV time-of-arrival consideration. The solution algorithm is based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO) variant, and both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) schemes are included regarding the power interactions of the EVs with the grid. The goal is to optimally allocate the charging and/or discharging time periods of the EVs in order to minimize energy losses while delivering fully charges EVs to the owners. New departures after the first EVs' arrival are also handled. The results indicate that with the proposed scheduling, daily energy loss reduction could be reached up to 25% under an improved voltage profile that indicates more uniform loading for the DN.