A Project Based Learning Study through Student Design of a Low-Cost, Open-Source, Easy-to-Use, and Easy-to-Build Ventilator

This work presents a project-based learning (PBL) study, through student design and fabrication of a low-cost, open source, easy-to-build, and easy-to-use bag valve mask (BVM) ventilator, to potentially serve COVID-19 patients during the incubation period. A new learning outcomes framework, "Profiles of Learning for Undergraduate Success," was adopted as the pedagogical model, with a focus on problem solver and innovator. Using a reciprocating motion system, the ventilator is capable of providing an air supply with adjustable breath frequencies. 3D printing was used to fabricate customized components. In parallel to the mechanical assembly of the ventilator, a CAD model was developed to understand the motion mechanisms in the ventilator, which can further help optimize the system. The open access design files are available at GitHub. In actual usage, the project would serve as a backup to handle a surge of patients who may need breathing assistance in hospitals across the nation. The feedback from participating students is very positive. The success of this PBL-based project using the profiles of learning for undergraduate success shows promise, and it can be extended to other student learning experiences.