A closed-loop supply chain decision model considering corporate social responsibility and value-added services

This paper by comparing the decision results in three closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) cases, to explore the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and value-added service on the mechanism of stakeholders' decision making. The results show that CSR and value-added services play significant roles in the optimal decisions of different individuals. The improvement of the value-added service level is conducive to increasing the demand and the recovery rate, thereby promoting the profitability of the supply chain and social welfare. However, the effect of value-added services on the performance of stakeholders strictly depends on the degree of CSR. Our numerical results provide insights into social welfare improvement.