Extraordinary Compatibility to Mass Loading and Rate Capability of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanorods Electrode Derived from the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

The conversion of waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) into S-doped porous carbon nanorods (labeled as WPCNs) with hierarchical pore structure is realized by a simple template-directed approach. The specific surface area of as-obtained porous carbon nanorods can reach up to 1448 m(2) g(-1) without the addition of any activating agent. As the capacitive electrode, WPCNs possess the extraordinary compatibility to capacitance, different electrolyte systems as well as long-term cycle life even at a commercial-level areal mass loading (10 mg cm(-2)). Besides, only an extremely small capacitance fluctuation is observed under the extreme circumstance (-40 to 80 degrees C), reflecting the excellent high- and low-temperature performance. The relationship between the pore structure and capacitive behavior is analyzed by comparing WPCNs with mesopores-dominated asphalt-derived porous carbon nanorods (APCNs) and micropores-dominated activated carbon. The molecular dynamics simulation further reveals the ion diffusion and transfer ability of the as-prepared carbon materials under different pore size distribution. The total ion flow (N-T) of WPCNs calculated by the simulation is obviously larger than APCNs and the N-T ratio between them is similar with the experimental average capacitance ratio. Furthermore, this work also provides a valuable strategy to prepare the electrode material with high capacitive energy storage ability through the high value-added utilization of WTPO.