Nomogram Including Serum Ion Concentrations to Screen for New-Onset Hypertension in Rural Chinese Populations Over a Short-Term Follow-up

Background: This study aimed to establish a clinically useful nomogram to evaluate the probability of hypertension onset in the Chinese population.Methods and Results: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 2012-2013 and followed up in 2015 to identify new-onset hypertension in 4,123 participants. The dataset was divided into development (n=2,748) and verification (n=1,375) cohorts. After screening risk factors by lasso regression, a multivariate Cox regression risk model and nomogram were established. Among the 4,123 participants, 818 (19.8%) developed hypertension. The model identified 10 risk factors: age, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high pulse rate, history of diabetes, family history of hypertension and stroke, intake frequency of bean products, and intensity of physical labor. The C-indices of the model in the development and validation cohorts were 0.744 and 0.768, respectively. After the inclusion of serum calcium and magnesium concentrations, the C-indices in the development and validation cohorts were 0.764 and 0.791, respectively, with areas under the curve for the updated model of 0.907 and 0.917, respec-tively. The calibration curve showed that the nomogram accurately predicted the probability of hypertension. The updated nomogram was clinically beneficial across thresholds of 10-60%.Conclusions: The newly developed nomogram has good predictive ability and may effectively assess hypertension risk in high-risk rural areas in China.