A Fixed-Time Frequency Consensus Protocol for Power System with Heterogeneous Dynamics

During the transition of a fossil fuel-based system to a full renewable-based system, synchronous generators and power electronic-interfaced generators will coexist in the power system. To resolve the detrimental effects of heterogeneous dynamics on frequency synchronization, the fixed-time frequency consensus protocol based on cyber-physical system model is proposed. Firstly, a distributed fixed-time observer is established to evaluate the leader state. Then, based on the Lyapunov function and backstepping method, fixed-time controllers are constructed for heterogeneous follower agents. The nonlinear voltage controllers that harmonize with the fixed-time frequency controllers are proposed to accelerate frequency synchronization. Comparative simulations are implemented to exhibit the superiority of the proposed frequency synchronization protocol.