Gd(iii)-Based inorganic polymers, metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers for magnetic refrigeration

As alternatives to the expensive and increasing shortage of He-3 for ultralow-temperature refrigeration, molecule-based magnetorefrigerant materials have attracted much attention in past decades. Among these, Gd(iii)-based inorganic polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers with large magnetic densities and weak magnetic interactions have become a research focus. In this review, the synthesis, structures, and magnetism of Gd(iii)-based inorganic polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers based on various inorganic and organic ligands are summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on the synthetic strategy towards molecular magnetorefrigerants with good stability and a large magnetocaloric effect. In addition, the conclusions and perspectives for Gd(iii)-based magnetorefrigerants are presented and new insights for the further development of this promising area. Therefore, this review should serve as a tutorial for newcomers as well as a summary of the research progress in the field of magnetic refrigeration.